Optimization of Biodiesel Synthesis Process from Waste Cooking Oil in a Phased Array Ultrasonic Reactor Using Response Surface Methode
Abstrak
This research aims to optimize the process of biodiesel synthesis from used cooking oil
using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in an ultrasonic phased array reactor. As a potential
waste source, used cooking oil has been identified as a sustainable alternative feedstock for
biodiesel production. Using ultrasonic phased array reactors is expected to improve conversion
efficiency through cavitation, producing high yields and purity of biodiesel. RSM was employed to
obtain the optimal combination of transesterification reaction conditions, including feedstock ratio,
catalyst concentration, and reaction time. Methanol and NaOH were transesterified in a reactor
filled with used cooking oil. The results showed a biodiesel yield of 90.3250%, an optimum mole
ratio of 1:7.59 (oil to methanol), a catalytic concentration of NaOH at 0.14% by oil weight, and a
reaction time of 15 minutes. The oil/methanol ratio was identified as the most significant operating
parameter based on the ANOVA test. Based on the physical properties of biodiesel, including
density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, carbon residue, and GC-MS testing, the biodiesel produced
met the SNI 7182:2015 standards.
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