Presidential Inauguration: Pertanggungjawaban Presiden Indonesia Dalam Prosedur dan Materi Sumpah Jabatan
Abstrak
Artikel ini mengkaji keabsahan dan pertanggungjawaban Presiden Indonesia berdasarkan prosedur dan materi sumpah jabatannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah doktrinal, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan perbandingan konstitusi terhadap lima puluh negara di dunia yang menganut sistem pemerintahan presidensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif kewenangan melantik presiden diberikan kepada Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR) berdasarkan Pasal 9 UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Namun, pada praktiknya MPR sama halnya tidak melantik presiden karena hanya menyaksikan presiden membacakan sumpahnya. Kendatipun demikian, praktik pelantikan tersebut tetaplah absah. Perbandingan lima puluh negara menunjukkan trend presiden yang melakukan sumpah di hadapan parlemen dengan alternatif bersumpah di hadapan Mahkamah Agung (MA) apabila MPR berhalangan. Trend tersebut juga diterapkan di Indonesia, tetapi secara ideal bersumpah disaksikan MA tidak relevan lagi untuk diterapkan di Indonesia. Melihat koherensi dan konsekuensi logis hubungan presiden dalam pertanggungjawaban formal lebih erat kepada MK, dalam hal ini sebagai forum priveligiatum atas peristiwa impeachment. Sehingga, dari prosedur sumpah presiden lebih tepat di hadapan MPR disaksikan oleh Pimpinan MK. Untuk materi sumpah, meskipun tidak disebutkan secara tegas ditujukan kepada siapa, tetapi pertanggungjawaban moral presiden tetap ditujukan kepada rakyat sebagai pemberi mandat jabatan.
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